During the 1960s and research projects were conducted in 1970s.
Seasonal ground solar thermal energy storage review of systems and applications.
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However the building heating and cooling loads are usually not in balance.
Since seasonal solar thermal energy storage requires large inexpensive storage volumes due to the large storage timescales the most promising technologies were found in the ground.
Solar energy is an important alternative energy source for heating applications.
In the seasonal thermal energy storage stes technique the available solar radiation in summer is harvested by solar thermal collectors and stored in large storage tanks or in the ground to be used during winter.
For cooling applications often only circulation pumps are used.
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This way the ground can be exploited as seasonal thermal energy storage stes.
The stes system is one of efficient systems for the heating application in building sector especially in cold climate zones.
The system can act like a borehole thermal energy storage btes system thereby extracting and injecting heat from and to the ground by means of vertical bhes.
A less common term for stes technologies is interseasonal thermal energy storage.
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Such systems are called underground thermal energy storage utes systems nordell 2000.
The use of seasonal thermal energy storage can substantially reduce the cost of solar energy systems that can supply up to 100 of buildings energy needs.
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Examples for district heating include drake landing solar community where ground storage provides 97 of yearly consumption without heat pumps and danish pond storage with boosting.
It discusses technical aspects of these systems and summarizes the research and implementation work accomplished to date.
Seasonal storage of solar thermal energy coupling with a heat pump has been the subject of many previous investigations and has also found practical applications in the past.
Emphasis is placed on past and present systems which mostly store energy in the form of sensible heat.
T1 seasonal solar thermal energy storage through ground heat exchangers review of systems and applications.
This review presents the methods available for seasonal storage of solar thermal energy in residential applications.
Pavlov and others published seasonal ground solar thermal energy storage review of systems and applications find read and cite all the research you need on.